2428 poudre powder (cognate). From Latin pulvera (“dust”, “powder”). Doublet of poussière (“dust”). English pulverize (“to crush into powder”) is from a French word related to poudre. Examples, sucre en poudre (“granulated sugar”, but literally “sugar in powder”); poudre à canon (“gunpowder”). See also poussière.

2429 guérir to cure, to heal. Cognate with garrison. Originally guérir meant “to defend”. Curing a disease is likened to a garrison defending against enemy. Not to be confused with guère (“hardly”), guerre (“war”). This word is an -ir ending verb, while the other two obviously have no verb ending. Example, le médecin a guéri le patient (“the doctor cured the patient”).

2432 péché sin. 7250 pécheur sinner. From Latin peccatum (“sin”, “fault”). Cognate with the root of impeccable (“not having flaws or fault”), i.e. -pecca, with rare English words peccadillo, peccancy. Alternatively use a mnemonic such as “the sinful people have perished”. Or imagine the apple Adam and Eve ate (and so committed the sin) was actually not an apple, but a peach, although peach is pêche in French, where ê is pronounced with the mouth opened slightly wider than é. Example, péché originel (“original sin”). See also pêche for a hint.

2434 piège (n.) trap, snare. 6582 piéger to trap. Related to pied (“foot”). Cognate with pedestrian, pedal. A trap or snare catches one’s foot. Note the pronunciation of è is slightly more open than é. Examples, ils lui ont tendu un piège (“they set a trap for him”); une voiture piégée (“a car bomb”, literally “a trapped car”).

2442 paroi inner wall, partition. Cognate with parietal (“about wall”). As a mnemonic, consider English parapet (“low wall”), which is not a cognate. Unlike mur (“outer wall”), this word refers to the inner wall or the inside of an outward facing wall. Examples, la paroi de la chambre (“the bedroom wall”; note this word is feminine); les parois d’un vase (“the inner surface of a vase”).

2447 vivement vigourously; (colloquial) can’t wait for, looking forward to. From vif (“lively”) + -ment (adverb suffix). Note the second meaning. Think of it as a word that just vaguely expresses a sense of excitement. Examples, vivement les vacances! (“can’t wait for / looking forward to the holidays!”); vivement que ça s’arrête (“I / we can’t wait for it to stop”).

2448 boucle loop; buckle (fastening clasp) (cognate); ringlet. 2916 boucler to buckle (cognate). To remember the sense of “loop” or “ring”, think how the car seat belt is used; when you buckle it up, the belt partially forms a ring around your waist. Examples, veuillez boucler votre ceinture! (“please buckle up / wear your seat belt!”); une boucle d’oreille (“an earring”); écouter une chanson en boucle (“to listen to a long over and over”, literally “... in loop”).

2449 envoler (reflexive) to fly away. From en- + voler (“to fly”). The prefix en- may be related to Latin inde meaning “from there”. Alternatively, it could simply be an intensifier. Not to be confused with English involve (which would be concerner, nécessiter, or impliquer in French). Example, l’oiseau s’est envolé (“the bird flew away”). See also voler.

2450 effrayer to scare, to frighten, faire peur. 4424 effroi fright, terror, peur, terreur. Cognate with afraid, with an outdated English word affray (“to scare”; “disturbance of peace”). Alternatively, as a mnemonic for the noun effroi, you can associate froid (“cold”) with the feeling of fear. Example, tu m’as effrayé (“you scared me”, tu m’as fait peur).

2451 bougie candle; spark plug. From the name of the city Bougie (now Béjaïa) in Algeria, known for making candles. As a mnemonic, imagine a petit bourgeois family in the old times lit up candles at night, or “the scary bogey was holding a candle when he came out of hell”; a bogey is a ghost or goblin. Examples, bougies pour la fête d’anniversaire (“candles for the birthday party”); une bougie d’allumage (“a spark plug”, literally “candle of ignition”; note feminine noun).

2452 minuit midnight. Prefix mi- is cognate with mid- but French final d (just like medial d) easily dropped. Nuit and night are cognates if traced to Proto-Indo-European. Not to be confused with minute, which as a unit of time is still spelled minute in French and is feminine (unlike minut). Examples, à minuit (“at midnight”); la messe de minuit (“the Midnight Mass”).

2454 chauffer to warm, to heat. 7241 chauffage heating. The first element is related to chaud (“hot”) and the second to faire (“to do”, “to make”). Not to be confused with the etymologically connected chauffeur (“driver”), which originally referred to a stoker or operator of a steam engine. Examples, un chauffe-eau (“a water heater”); le chauffage central (“central heating”).

2455 rude rough, harsh, hard. In spite of cognation, this word is a false friend of English rude, which would be impoli or grossier in French. Example, une rude ascension depuis la vallée (“a steep / tough climb from the valley”).

2460 mousse foam, froth. 7672 mousseux foamy, frothy. Cognate with moss. Foam looks like the moss grass. This word has entered English vocabulary as a food especially chocolate mousse (mousse au chocolat in French). Not to be confused with English mouse (souris in French). Unrelated to mousson (“monsoon”). Examples, mousse à raser (“shaving cream”, literally “foam for shaving”; this phrase can also be used as a mnemonic if you can associate mousse with moustache); vin mousseux (“sparkling wine”).

2464 connerie bullshit; stupidity, stupid thing to do. Possibly cognate with con as in con-artist.

2465 laid ugly. Cognate with loathsome (“repulsive”, “disgusting”), loath (“unwilling”, but originally “loathsome”) if traced to Proto-Germanic. But this etymology hardly helps. As a mnemonic, think of either a lazy lad or a lady that is not so pretty. Or imagine drinking milk (le lait) turned someone ugly. Note d in this word is silent; but d in its feminine form laide is not.

2468 beurre butter (cognate). From Latin butyrum, contracted to but’rum, and tr changed rr for easier pronunciation (just like that in Latin putrere “putrid” > French pourrir “to rot”). Alternatively, use a mnemonic such as “Mexican burrito with butter” or “you’ll burp a lot if you eat too much butter”. Lorayne and Lucas The Memory Book suggests a mnemonic “a large bar of butter is full of burrs”. Not to be confused with bourrer (“to cram”), but you can imagine a guy stuffing lots of butter in his mouth. Example, Beurre, œuf, fromage (“Butter, egg, cheese”).

2469 encre ink (cognate). From Latin encaustum (“ink”), from Ancient Greek, and the root means “burnt” and is cognate with caustic. If you prefer a mnemonic instead, try “there’s encrypted text in this ink spot”. Not to be confused with the homophone ancre (“anchor”). Example, encre de Chine (“India ink”, “Chinese ink”; according to Wikipedia, “India ink was first invented in China, but the English term India(n) ink was coined due to their later trade with India”).

2473 entrevoir to catch a glimpse of, to see briefly or imperfectly. Prefix entre- normally means “between”, but in some compound verbs indicates a small action. Otherwise, as a mnemonic, imagine you see (voir) something only through a small gap between (entre-) two things. Example, je ne l’ai qu’entrevu (“I only had a glimpse of him”). See also entrevue (“meeting”; “interview”).

2479 canard duck; fake news, hoax. A duck’s quack sounds like this word. This word in its second sense has entered English vocabulary. This sense is said to be from vendre un canard à moitié (“to half-sell ducks”); the story goes, a guy sells duck at an unreasonably low price, but only for half of other sellers’ amount, which he indicates only in small text at the bottom of his sign. If the first sense is remembered, the second is easy since English quack can also mean both “duck’s sound” and “charlatan”. Examples, canard rôti (“roast duck”); le vilain petit canard (“the ugly duckling”; vilain means “ugly”, not “villain”).

2480 cabane cabin (cognate), hut, shack. From Latin capanna (“cabin”). It’s English cabin that changed a to i after the Middle English period. Example, Henry Thoreau a construit une cabane à l’étang de Walden et a écrit Walden ou la Vie dans les bois (“Henry Thoreau built a hut at the Walden Pond and wrote Walden; or, Life in the Woods”).

2481 tempe temple (anatomical part) (cognate). Note that temple as “building for worship” is still spelled temple in French. Not to be confused with English temporary (temporaire in French).